Obviously, in the wild plants don’t get pruned and can grow unchecked. However, our gardens are an artificial environment and there are often size constraints. There are several good reasons why we prune;
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To promote healthy growth and remove disease
Prompt removal of dead and diseased growth helps to limit the spread of diseases to other parts of the plant or other plants. Also, by opening up the plant to let light and air into the centre, the plant grows with more vigour and the improved air circulation helps to reduce fungal plant diseases.
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To improve or maintain the shape
Hedges and topiary need regular trimming to keep their form as the photos below show.
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To encourage dense, bushy growth
Many shrubs become leggy and woody with weak growth if they are not pruned regularly. Hard pruning can stimulate vigorous growth leading to strong stems. However, be aware that there are some shrubs which dislike this treatment, notably lavender.
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To encourage flowering and fruiting
Pruning at the correct time encourages plants to form flower buds instead of new growth and to put their energy into producing flowers and fruit rather than lots of long shoots.
Tools for the job
For best results always use the correct tools for the job; secateurs for any stems less than a pencil thick, loppers for branches up to about 3cm in diameter and a pruning saw for anything larger. Make sure they are sharp as it makes the job easier and ensures a clean cut which reduces the risk of the plant being affected by disease. Clean your tools once you have finished; it makes them last longer and work better.
